More than one-third of construction fatalities in 2024 were caused by slips, trips and falls, according to the most recent data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics—and most of those deaths resulted from falls to a lower level. Even if a fall arrest system catches a worker, they can experience severe injury or death if not retrieved quickly. That’s why construction employers should implement and maintain comprehensive fall rescue plans (FRPs). This article explains why FRPs are important and outlines crucial aspects to cover in these plans.
Why Do FRPs Matter?
FRPs provide detailed, jobsite-specific instructions for swiftly and safely retrieving a fallen worker. They’re a required part of an overall fall prevention plan, which identifies fall hazards and outlines how to reduce or eliminate them. There is still a risk of serious injury or death even after a worker’s fall has been arrested by safety equipment. A worker suspended upright can develop suspension trauma—also called orthostatic intolerance or harness hang syndrome—when blood pools in the lower extremities instead of recirculating. This deprives the brain and vital organs of oxygenated blood and can cause unconsciousness, organ damage or death within minutes. A prompt, well-rehearsed rescue is critical to avoiding these outcomes.
What to Include in an FRP
An FRP must cover a range of rescue scenarios and procedures. OSHA standards require employers to provide for the prompt rescue of employees after a fall or to ensure employees can rescue themselves. Not every fall calls for the same response, so an FRP should clearly explain how to recognize and handle each scenario:
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Self-rescue situations—A suspended worker can safely lower themself to the ground.
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Assisted rescue situations—Trained personnel use equipment to retrieve a worker who cannot get down on their own, whether due to injury, unconsciousness or lack of equipment.
In addition, FRPs should include:
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Roles of authorized rescuers and site personnel • Types, location and use of rescue equipment (e.g., ladders, lifts, first-aid kits)
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Guidance on post-rescue monitoring, since injuries aren’t always immediately apparent
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Contact information for additional people who may need to respond to the rescue, such as site supervisors, safety managers, staff trained on first aid, nearby hospitals and first responders, and the local OSHA office
Employers should train employees on their FRP at least annually and any time the plan changes. Newly hired employees should be trained as part of onboarding, before they’re exposed to fall hazards. Keep the plan, equipment inventory and training records current and easy to locate on-site.
Summary
FRPs are essential for creating a safe work environment. By providing clear, detailed instructions for a quick response after a fall, they help workers avoid severe consequences.
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